When you play a chord by playing the root, 3rd and the fifth notes above the root in the conventional manner, this is called playing in 'Closed Position'. However, playing these notes together or as an arpeggio in the lowest part of the Piano, makes these sounds clash and create muddiness in the sound. For this reason, chords in the lowest register notes are played with these notes being far-apart or well-ventilated.
In the lowest register of the Piano, you play the root-note, followed by the fifth above it and this followed by the 3rd above it. So for example, a C chord will be played by C, followed by G and followed by the E (above the G). This way, the combination still form part of a C chord but the E chord is played in the next Octave. This ventilated, out-of-usual-order, open position chord is called the 10th Chord.
Where to learn?
10th Chord is explained in detail along with its application in the Cannel's book in Chapter 22.
10th Chord Arpeggio
One of my favorite way of playing with 10th is in an arpeggio fashion of 5 notes, each holding for 1/2 beats. So for a C chord, while pushing down the sustain pedal, play C-G(above C)-E(above G)-G(below E)-E(above G). Note, the same G and E notes are played twice.
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